From 1991 to 2001, 708 malignant neoplasm diseases were reported as an occuational disease in the Czech Republic. 91,7 % of diseases was bronchogenic carcinoma affecting in particular uranium miners. 4,4 % of diseases were diffuse mesothelioma of pleura, 2,3 % malignant neoplasm of efferent urinary tract and 0,6 % malignant neoplasm of skin. The most frequent professional etiologic noxae were ionizing radiation in 87,0 %, asbestos in 6,8 %, coke gases or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 3,0 % and aromatic amino or nitrocompounds in 0,9 %. The author discusses the issues related to using criteria for assessing, acknowledging and reporting occupational malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic and briefly summarizes basic knowledge one the most prevalent ones.

        Key words: occupational malignant neoplasms, uranium mines, bronchogenic carcinoma, asbestos, mesothelioma of pleura