This work summarizes the most frequent diseases related to diving and tries to charakterize their pathogenesis and clinical symptoms. Medical aspects of diving are very komplex and therefore diving medicine should be performed by a well-trained physician. The establishment of a specialization hyperbaric medicine and oxygenotherapy is a good foothold for increasing the number of such specialists within our country.

        Key words: diving, hyperbaric medicine, barotraumata, decompression disease, intoxication by inert gases, oxygen toxicity