Objective: Review of actual indications for Caesarean section. Design: Review article. Setting: 1st Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Masaryk University, Brno, Obilní trh 11, Czech Republic. Summary: The actual continuous rise in C. section rate no more improving the perinatal results but rising the risks of women in their future pregnancies and deliveries leads the obstetricians to evaluate and to discuss the indications for the C. section. The target of this article is not the strict statement of the C. sections indications but aims to summarise the contemporary opinions on this topics. The foetopelvic disproportion may be caused by the pelvic pathology, pelvis iuxta minor and by foetal macrosomia and malformations. C. section is performed under certain circumstances in breech praesentation, in cases of transverse lie, foetal head deflections (frontal, face), and asynclitic praesentation. The maternal diseases indicating the C. section are some of hypertensive disorders, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine (diabetes), and ophthalmologic diseases. C. section is performed in polytraumatic and febrile states of the pregrant, and in HIV/AIDS infection. As to the foetal pathologies indicating C. section namely chronic and acute foetal hypoxia, some situations in preterm labor, postdate pregnancy, and multiple pregnancy are the leading causes. The most important indications regarding the patients medical history is the scarred uterus, long lasting infertility treatment, and adverse perinatal outcome in previous pregnancy. The C. section should be performed in dying or dead pregnant.

        Key words: Caesarean section indication, maternal indication, foetal indication