Argyrophilic grain disease (AgD) is a relatively newly described neurodegenerative disease with late-onset dementia. Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of abundant spindleshaped argyrophilic grains (ArG) in neuronal processes and coiled bodies in oligodendrocytes. ArG consist of abnormally hyperphosphorylated form of tau protein. AgD is a substrate of at least 5% of all dementia cases with increasing incidence in the old age. Here we report the cases of a 91-yearold woman and an 83-year-old man clinically diagnosed with dementia. Neuropathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical examination of the brain tissue show the changes to be compatible with a definite diagnosis of AgD. This is the first description of two cases of AgD in the Czech Republic.

        Key words: argyrophilic grain disease – dementia – tau protein