Due to the complicated pathogenesis of the disease treatment of meconium aspiration Syndrome (MAS) is a difficult therapeutic problém. After failure of standard therapy the use of alternative approaches is possible, e.g. high-frequency ventilation, application of exogenous surfactant, lung lavage with diluted exogenous surfactant, administration of corticosteroids, inhalation of nitrit oxide, liquid ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

        Key words: meconium aspiration Syndrome, high-frequency ventilation, exogenous surfactant, inhalation of nitrit oxide, liquid ventilation