Hydronephrosis is the most common finding of neonatal ultrasonographic screening of the urogenital system. About 10 - 25 % of the total number of these cases are caused by vesicoureteral reflux (V UR). In the spectrum of VUR neonates form a separate group. The clinical findings, prognosis and therapy differs from that diagnosed in older children. The authors present current views on problems concerning neonatal VUR.

        Key words: reflux vesicorenalis, neonates, diagnosis, therapy