The authors recommended a rational procedure in the treatment of respiratory infections in children in primary care. They use as a basis the Alexander Study (1) and the present epidemiological situation among children in the Czech Republic (3, 13). With regard to the fact that bacterial pathogens of respiratory diseases in children are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes and so far the resistance to antibiotics in the Czech Republic is minimal the main drugs for primary paediatric care in bacterial infections of the airways are penicillins, aminopenicillins and aminopeni- cillins protected either by clavulanic acid or sulbactam. Treatment with unsuitable antibiotics is harmful for the child, causes deterioration of resistance of microorganisms and is usually expensive.

        Key words: children, community infections of the airways, primary care, antibiotics