For the first time an anonymous survey by means of questionnaires on the scope and surgical treatment of strabism was used in the Czech Republic in 1998. In 54 departments of the Czech Republic 3167 operations of strabism were made. 80% of the operated patients were children under 15 years of age. The most frequent primary surgical operation was modification of the strength of horizontal muscles. This surgical procedure was implemented in 81.7%. The ratio of primary operati- ons and re-operations in child patients was 10:1. The mean age of child patients during the primary operation of strabism was 4.3 years, on re-operation 7.2 years, the mean period of hospitalization during the primary operation was 4.4 days. Two surgical centres performed more than 20 operations per month. As a matter of routine a surgical microscope was used only by some departments which made less than 5 operations of children suffering from strabism per month. In order to follow up national trends of surgery of strabism the authors will repeat similar investigations in future.

        Key words: surgery of strabism, national statistics, national survey