Atherosclerosis is the main etiopatogenetic basis of cardiovascular diseases and participates thus in a significant way in the mortality and morbidity of the contemporary population civilized countries. A chronic inflammatory process is involved which according to the contem- porary classification develops in six stages: lipoid strips, proliferation of smooth muscles in the intima, preatheroma, atheroma, fibroatheroma, complicated lesion. Some risk factors cannot be influenced, others can be favourably influenced by lifestyle changes of medicamentous treatment. The basis of treatment of atherosclerosis and its sequelae is prevention and a responsible approach of the individual subject to his health. By a suitable composition of the diet, elimination of smoking and physical activity the costs on pharmacotherapy and invasive angiological operations can be reduced.

        Key words: atherosclerosis - cardiovascular disease - prevention.