An efficient therapy of patients with tumorous diseases should include maximum killing of malignant cells with minimal damage to cells in healthy tissues. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are frequently associated with a series of undesirable effects. Side effects related to the therapy may unfavorably influence quality of life for a short or long period of time, may cause the need to decrease the dosage or shorten the overall period of treatment or survival of the patient. Therefore, particular attention has recently been paid to compounds, which mitigate or eliminate the undesirable effects of the therapy. A way to decrease toxicity is the administration of radioprotective or chemoprotective compounds. The cytoprotection of healthy tissues by compounds from the aminothiol group is one of the most promising directions of research and clinical practice. Amifostin protects healthy tissue from damage induced by radio- or chemotherapy. In comparison with patients treated by radiotherapy only, radiotherapy supplemented with amifostin proved to cause significantly less acute and late untoward effects of therapy. The paper describes the possibilities of using radioprotective drugs, especially amifostin, in the therapy of tumors with particular emphasis to the needs of physicians dealing with the problems of internal medicine.

        Key words: Amifostin - Radiotherapy - Radioprotection - Cytoprotection - Side effects