Plasma natriuretic peptide assessment became a part of the routine clinical practice because of the laboratory methods development. After a brief historical overview of natriuretic peptides discovery, the article focuses on the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). BNP plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases of cardiovascular system due to its effects on the circulation (natriuresis, diuresis, inhibition of renin-angiotensin system, etc). The authors describe process of BNP synthesis, factors leading to its release into circulation. The main emphasis is done on the clinical significance of BNP and NT-proBNP assessment for the diagnosis in cardiovascular diseases, risk stratification and monitoring of the treatment.

        Key words: brain natriuretic peptide, BNP, NT-proBNP, heart failure, coronary artery disease, risk stratification, therapy monitoring.