Backround. Reprospective study of 303 patients with mitral valve surgery operated in the last 7 years is evaluated. A mitral valve replacement was done in 271 patients (89,4 %), mitral valve reconstruction in 32 patients (10,6 %). Only the replacement of mitral valve was done in 70 patients (23,1 %), replacement in combination with some other intervention, most frequently the revascularization was done in 27 patients. Methods and Results. The total mortality in mitral valve replacements was 7,7 % with the prevalence of combined surgery, including the acute cases. Mortality for patients with prosthetics was 8,6 % during 1996 to 98, and only 6,5 % in the following years. From patients with the mitral reconstruction four has died (12,5 %), all were acute or emergent cases with combined surgery. The average length of hospitalisation was 7,5 days. Postoperative Q-IM occurred in one patient (0.41 %), revision for bleeding was necessary in 16 patients (5,3 %), neurological complications developed in 14 patients (4,6 %). Conclusions. Results of early mitral replacements are comparable or in some combined surgeries better to the results given in the literature or in the international register. In the aetiology of disease, a comparative decrease of rheumatic origin and an increase of ischaemic and degenerative disorders become apparent. The paper demonstrates improving results in this field of cardiosurgery, shows the new trends in the development of surgical treatment of the mitral valve and it also stresses the necessity of early indication to the surgery.

        Key words: mitral valve, mortality, strategy and methods of surgical treatment.