Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating process presently referred to autoimmune diseases. Its diagnostics is based on clinical examination and paraclinical tests (magnetic resonance, examination of CSF and evoked potentials recording). Magnetic resonance (MR) has the highest significance, both for the diagnostics and for the monitoring of the course of disease and results of treatment. Results of magnetic resonance are not specific for the multiple sclerosis and therefore for the reliable diagnosis the McDonadl’s criteria have to be fulfilled. It appears thatmagnetic resonance is more sensitive to progression of disease than the clinical examination. Monitoring of the course of disease requires new techniques ofMR imaging.Automatic, software assisted determination of plaque volumes in T2 and T1 weighted images – so called „lesion load„, is checked during the patient’s treatment. Assessment of brain volume determines progression of atrophy. The aim of all the new methods of MR imaging is to search for a reliable technique of the disease monitoring and namely for the prediction of disease progression.

        Key words: Multiple sclerosis, diagnostics, magnetic resonance imaging, volumetry.