The authors present a retrospective analysis of 65 patients with hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus treated at the Clinic of Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology in Brno in 1992 - 1997. Familial, personal history data, clinical symptoms and ultrasonography findings were evaluated. The sex ratio of the group of patients monitored during the period was 4.9 : 1 (boys : girls), first symptoms were demonstrated most frequently during the fourth week of life (average 30.5 ± 15.4 days). Infants with gradually intensifying vomiting (64.7 % children) prevailed. Palpable findings, indicating suspicion of HPS, were positive only in 11 children (17 %). In order to specify the diagnosis of HPS it is necessary to perform an ultrasonographic examination. Confirmed HPS was treated by surgical intervention in all children.

        Key words: hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, vomiting, ultrasonography