Chronic rejection represents an important cause of renal allograft loss in the long term follow up. New insights into etiopathogenesis of the chronic rejection offer possibilities for experimental therapy. Novel immunosuppressants, such as mycophenolic acid, tacrolimus or rapamycin as well as lipid lowering drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or AT-1 receptor blockers, may reduce of effects the risk factors on the progression of chronic rejection. In the future, gene therapy may offer additional possibilities to prevent chronic rejection. This review deals with possibilities of prevention of the chronic renal allograft rejection based on experimental evidences and current therapeutic concepts and puts these options into a rational perspective.

        Key words: renal transplantation, chronic rejection, experimental therapy, immunosuppression.