Summary:
Fluid resuscitation remains a cornerstone in the treatment of various types of circulatory failure. Alterations in
microvascular permeability are a hallmark of a number of inflammatory conditions including sepsis, septic shock,
burns and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. As a result, the loss of plasma fluid into the interstitial space leads
to hypovolaemia and tissue hypoperfusion. Administration of large volumes of fluids in often necessary to restore
the nutritional blood flow to tissues. This strategy, however, involues the risk of interstitial edema formation, which
in turn may further impair tissue oxygen distribution. The presented paper briefly reviews the principles of
transvascular fluid exchange and the pathophysiology of capillary permeability. It discusses the ongoing controversy
on the optimal way and the end points of volume replacement as well as the choice of fluid in conditions associated
with capillary leakage.
Key words:
fluid resuscitation, capillary permeability, lung oedema, crystalloids, colloids, sepsis, shock, ARDS,
tissue perfusion.
|