Intramural foci in the organ walls of the gastrointestinal tract are among frequent endoscopic and X-ray findings and belong to basic indications of endosonographic examinations. Among solid intramural oesophageal foci leiomyomas are the most frequent finding. They originate in typical cases from the muscularis propria, rarely from the muscularis mucosae and in the endosonographic image they have typical characteristics (homogeneous, oval, sharp outlines, marked hypoechogenic foci). In the great majority of cases they are clinically asymptomatic. If in the oesophagus, they may be manifested by dysphagia, pain on the chest, pyrosis, in case of exulceration of the mucosa on the surface, they can lead to anaemization or clinically manifest haemorrhage. Differentiation from leiomyosarcoma based on the endosonographic picture is not unequivocal but the finding on non-homogeneity of structure, blurred outlines, cystic formations, dimension above 3 cm and enlarged lymph nodes arouses doubts on the benign character of the focus. The therapeutic solution of leiomyoma originating in the muscularis propria is surgical removal, if the focus originates from the muscularis mucosae an endoscopic solution is also possible. In the submitted paper the authors give an account of an endoscopic solution of a 3 cm leiomyoma of the oesophagus.

        Key words: leiomyoma of the oesophagus – endoscopy