In the Centre for Child Traumatology in Brno the authors followed up during the last 10 years 22 patients with suspected compartment syndrome of the upper extremity. Incisions of intrafascial spaces were made in 12 patients – 9× on the forearm and 3× on the hand. Another 10 patients had conservative treatment. The therapeutic results are with the exception of one female patient with developed Volkmann´s contracture very satisfactory, the sequelae are only cosmetic. Compartment syndrome is a serious acute condition in child traumatology. Permanent sequelae of this syndrome can be prevented above all by early diagnosis and adequate therapy. It is therefore important to consider the possible development of this serious complication.

        Key words: compartment syndrome – child age – upper extremity