The article reviews pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection. The difference between characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni – and C. trachomatis – induced reactive arthritis is particularly emphasized. With respect to immunogenetic and clinical aspects, Campylobacter jejuni reactive arthritis is less frequently associated with HLA-B27 and polyarthritis of the hands is more often seen. The clinical manifestations at the onset of the disease may be confused with viral or rheumatoid arthritis. Other organ manifestations of Campylobacter infections, emphasizing serious neurological complications, are also described. Potential longstanding negative impact of the infection on the general patient’s health status is mentioned. The article describes in detail a case report on the patient suffering from chronic course of Campylobacter jejuni infection and associated reactive arthritis.

        Key words: Campylobacter jejuni, reactive arthritis, non-rheumatological manifestations of infection