Acute bleeding from upper part of gastrointestinal tract is a frequent and serious complication affecting 20 to 60 % of patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. It is associated with a high death rate of 30 to 50 % and a frequent relapse of bleeding occurs in up to 40 % of these patients. The most recent meta-analyses have shown that bacterial infection is an independent factor in the failure of blood hemostasis and significantly influenced mortality in these patients. The authors investigated 25 patients with acute bleeding from the upper part of gastrointestinal tract due to portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. Irrespective of the proved bacterial infection the patients were given antibiotic prophylaxis. In 13 patients the authors administered norfloxacin orally and 12 patients were treated intravenously with ampicilin/sulbactam. The prophylaxis of the bleeding cirrhotic patients by norfloxacin (orally) resulted in a statistically significant prevention of early relapse as compared with the therapy by ampicilin/sulbactam (intravenously). The death rate reached 40% in spite of the antibiotic prophylaxis. There was no significant difference in the death rate between the two groups with different treatments.

        Key words: Antibiotic prophylaxis - Bacterial infection - Portal hypertension