Objective of study: The objective of the study is to determine the optimum diagnostics of vaginal yeast infections and to compare the effects of treatment of these infections by Natamycin with those by Clotrimazol. Type of study: Prospective comparison of both option of treatment of vaginal infections. Name and place of research: Obstetrics and gynaecology department, Brno - Bohunice. Methods: 30 patients treated with hydrophobe Natamycin and 20 patients treated with hydrophyll Clotrimazol formed a sample of 50 women. Regular checks were made on the 10 th and 30 th day after the beginning of treatment. Diagnosis was performed by means of native microscopy supple- mented by an examination for cultivated yeasts in the culture medium „FUNGI-QUICK“. At the same time a microscopic examination of slides stained by Gram and Giems was made. Results: A correlation betwen the evaluated native slide and the culture examined thereafter was 96 %. Statistical evaluation of the difference of the rate of success of treatment between the two groups by means of the t-test revealed a value of 0.29, the level of probability was 0.05 at N1 = 0,1795 and N2 = 0,2179. Conclusion: Native microscopy is irreplaceable in the diagnosis of vaginal candidosis. No signifi- cant differences in the effects of treatment with Natamycin and Clotrimazol were found. On the basis of these results we made some recommendations on the principles of optimum treatment.

        Key words: vaginal candidosis, diagnostics, therapy