Purpose: To evaluate the surgical results of the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with separation of the posterior hyaloid (PH) with the cystoid diabetic macular edema (DME) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: PPV with removing of the PH was performed in 10 eyes of 10 patients with cystoid DME. The macular structure, the vitreoretinal interface and the foveal thickness beforeandafterPPVwasevaluatedusingOCTandwascorrelated with a slit lamp biomicroscope. All 10 eyes had undergone panretinal and macular photocoagulation. Results: OCT demonstrated postoperatively in all 10 eyes the regression of cystoid DME and the presence of foveal depression. Visual acuity (VA) has improved by 2 and more Snellen lines in 6 eyes with preoperative decrease of VA not longer than 5 months. Conclusions:PPVwith separation ofPHis efficientmethod intreatment of cystoid DME. Duration of cystoid DME is a significant factor for determination of functional prognosis. OCT facilitates the follow-up of the dynamics of regression of the structure and thickness of the fovea.

        Key words: cystoid diabetic macular edema, pars plana vitrectomy, optical coherence tomography