The authors submit in their review recent information on mutual interactions of the central nervous system and immune system with a special chapter on biorythms and reproductive functions on the background of neuroimmunological relations. The authors review transmitters which are used in common by both systems, in particular cytokines in the role of neurotransmitters and vice versa. Special attention is devoted to the feedback action of cytokines on the structures of the CNS participating in immunoregulation, sleep control, mental make up and other functions important for the human organism.

        Key words: cytokines, interleukins, interferon, melatonin, biorhythms, locus coeruleus, nitrogen oxide, long-term potentiation, endogenous opioids, reproductive systém