The article deals with contemporary views on the impact of different nutritional substrates im- portant for the construction of diets for patients with primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinae- mia, explanation of different provisions and instructions according to which the physician or dietitian can prepare individual diets for normosthenic and obese patients, incl. calculation of the energy value of the diet. The author emphasizes also some new aspects of nutritional pharmacolo- gy useful not only for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia but also for prevention of thrombo- genic complications and adverse vasomotor reactions in patients with affections of the cardiovascular system.

        Key words: Hyperlipidaemia - Ischaemic heart disease - Atherosclerosis - Dietetic treatment