Author presents his own sixteen years lasting experiences in using of Endoanal Transrectal Ultrasonography (ET USG). In accordance with more than 5 000 examinations he proves accuracy, easy using and necesserity of ETUSG in preoperative diagnostics of the malignant and benign disease of the rectum and anal channel. In postoperative observing author emphasizes the meaning of ET USG for early determination of local recurrences of the rectal carcinomas, that enables to indicate “second look“ operative performances as soon as possible. Author points at the possible using of the ET USG by the evaluation of the continuity in the sphincter apparatus of the rectum as well as in the diagnostic of the periproctal fistulas and abscesses.

        Key words: endoanal transrectal ultrasonography, rectal carcinomas, benign rectal disease