The paper provides information on the possibilities to use exercise in fitness centers within the framework of prevention and therapy of backache. It is based on the practical experience of the author verified in her dissertation work (thesis). The new concept of anaerobic training in fitness centers in this country was pioneered by P. Tlapák, M.D., whose approach has been ušed in this study. A recommendation of a specific proceduře has been outlined, based on an otder of anaerobic training of individual muscular groups (direction from the center to the periphery), having been preceded by directed stretching exercise, and the selection of directed exercise with a precise technique of performance including breathing and correction of body position at the beginning in the course of the exercise respecting (honoring) individuality of the subject, i.e. always taking care of the previous diagnosis of the locomotor apparatus. Such exercise is aimed at positive influencing of the quality of function of postural muscular system and harmonization of muscular tonus.

        Key words: anaerobic training, backache, physiotherapy, fitness