As an introduction of the review article, the history of the diagnosis of childhood autism is described. A description of the basic psychopathology is given: onset of symptoms, abnormal sociál interaction, abnormal communication and play, and restricted, stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests. Diagnostic issu-es are discussed, particularly the use of specific diagnostic instruments like CARS, ADI-R and ADOS. A suggested diagnostic proceduře is displayed in a graphic algorithm, and the key position of the child psy-chiatrist in coordination of the diagnostic process is stressed. Various contradictory opinions on comorbidi-ty, epidemiology and etiology of childhood autism are summarized. A brief overview of pharmacotherapy of autism has been added to the review

        Key words: childhood autism - history - psychopathology - epidemiology - etiology - therapy.