Streptococcus pneumoniae causes di versiform scale of various diseases in childhood ranging from the most serious invasive like meningitis and septicemias (bacteriemias) through pneumonias up to life as a rule not threatening but all the more frequent acute otitis and sinusitis. Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disea¬ses varies in different countries. Either the mass immunization strategy or risk group stratégy are applied in the EU in current situation. However the risk group stratégy is only an interlink in transition to the mass strategy. Among the mass European strategies schedules 2+1 or 3+1 are put on. The disadvantage of 2+1 strategy are regrettably in some degree lower antibody levels in sérotypes 6B a 23F, which massively appear in the Czech Republic and introduction of this schedule could limit its effectiveness. Administration of single or two-dose regimens, which are economically profitable, however they do not cover the major risks in categories of youngest kids, is not taken into consideration in children above 1 year of age in fiat way as in meningococci. In spite of logically only one, recently registered 7-valent pneumoccocal conjugate vaccine asserts in current strategies, very soon we can probably expect conjugate vaccines containing more sérotypes and other protein carriers (10-valent GSK vaccine and 13-valent Wyeth vaccine). In far future are protein vaccines, which will not be type-specific or vaccines with intranasal or oral way of administration.

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