The article reviews the Global stratégy for asthma diagnosis, treatment and prevention as outlined in the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma - under patronage of the WHO) publication of November 2006, as seen from the current asthma situation in the Czech Republic. The new publication contains fundamental changes in the approach to asthma treatment not noted in pi'evious editions. The main aim of asthma treatment is achieve, and then maintain, clinical control. There are three levels of asthma control (controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled asthma) and now five steps of asthma pharmacotherapy. Low dose inhaled glucocorticosteroids are the preferred initial controller treatment for patients of all ages with persistent asthma. The first choice additional therapy is long-acting (32-agonists (LABA). But long-acting (32-agonists must only be used in eombination with an appropriate dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroids. The use of the eombination of a rapid-acting long-acting p2-agonist (formoterol) and an inhaled glucocorticosteroid (budesonide) in a single inhaler, both as a controller and reliever, is very effective and is a new concept in asthma therapy. Patients with asthma that do not reach an acceptable level of control at step 4 are considered to háve difficult-to-treat asthma, characterised by a poor responsiveness to glucocorticosteroid treatment.

        Key words: asthma, pharmacotherapy, control of asthma, difficult-to-treat asthma