Changes in Serum and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid
Composition after a Low Calorie Diet in Obese Women
Vecka M., Kunešová M., Staňková B. , Žák A., Viguerie N., Hejnová J., Hainer V., Barbe P., Langin D., Štich V., Tvrzická E.
IV. interní klinika, 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Praha, III. interní klinika, 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Praha, Centrum preventivního lékařství, 3. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Praha, INSERM U 317, Toulouse, France |
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Summary:
The aim of this study was to examine changes in fatty acid composition of serum phosphatidylcholine,
cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols and in that of adipose tissue.
Material and methods: Subjects of the study were 34 obese women who were on a low calorie diet for a short
period (28 days, 3 420 kJ/day). The serum lipid profile was measured by standard biochemical methods and fatty
acid analysis of serum lipids and adipose tissue was performed using capillary gas chromatography.
Results: The diet used reduced the body mass (from 92.6 ± 11.4 to 86.3 ± 11.3 kg). BMI (from 34.2 ± 3.3 to 31.9 ±
3.3 kg/m 2), fat and fat free mass (from 42.6 ± 10.5 to 39.2 ± 9.9 kg, and from 48.9 ± 6.7 to 45.9 ± 5.7 kg, resp.), waist/hip
circumference ratio (from 0.84 ± 0.06 to 0.78 ± 0.18) and waist circumference (from 102.5 ± 10.1 to 97.9 ± 10.4 cm).
We also observed an altered lipid serum profile: lower levels of total cholesterol (from 5.29 ± 0.82 to 4.62 ± 0.93
mmol/L), HDL-cholesterol (from 1.02 ± 0.18 to 0.90 ± 0.16 mmol/L), phospholipids (from 2.69 ± 0.36 to 2.34 ± 0.32
mmol/L), lipoprotein (a) (from 0.23 ± 0.34 to 0.16 ± 0.25 g/L), apolipoprotein A-I (from 1.35 ± 0.23 to 1.09 ± 0.22 g/L)
and apolipoprotein B (from 0.82 ± 0.12 to 0.72 ± 0.13 g/L). The diet resulted in an increased content of saturated
and decreased content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum, phosphatidylcholine and cholesteryl esters;
the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased only in cholesteryl esters. Serum triacylglycerols had
a lower content of saturated and higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids vs the state before the diet.
A decrease of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was observed in adipose tissue.
Conclusion: As a result of body mass reduction by a short-time low calorie and low fat diet, the polyunsaturated
fatty acid content tends to decrease with concomitantly increased saturated fatty acid content. The appropriate
fat content of the diet should be considered in the further stages of treatment.
Key words:
obesity, low caloric diet, serum lipids, fatty acids, adipose tissue.
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