In the history of hydrotherapy as the oldest natural therapeutic method, due credit is given to V. Priessnitz and S. Kneipp. The principles of, and rationale for Kneipp’s modern therapeutic method based on five therapeutic mainstays are discussed in detail. The guidelines for „small hydrotherapy“ are presented, and the indications for performing Kneipp’s method of treatment in a spa setting are identified.

        Key words: history of hydrotherapy, Kneipp’s method of treatment, principles of small hydrotherapy, indications for spa treatment