The authors present a diagnostic procedure in children with the finding of hematuria. They present the contribution, indication and yield of individual laboratory examinations for differential diagnosis. Individual causes of hematuria are analyzed and attention is primarily paid to IgA nephropathy and Alport syndrome, which are the most frequent causes of glomerular erythrocyturia in childhood.

        Key words: glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria, IgA nephropathy, Alport syndrome