In developed countries, dietary guidelines are more and more often used as a source of binding information not only in public health, food production, nutrition and agricultural policy, but in ecology and economy as well. In view of that, it is imperative to formulate such guidelines that would be supported by relevant population studies and correspond to the European model of WHO/CINDI guidelines. At the turn of the millennium, the Czech guidelines were updated in order that serving sizes of 5 basic food groups were brought closer to contemporary trends emphasizing lower protein intakes and at the same time, by setting limit ranges, they were able to meet specific need of people of different age group, sex, physiological status, physical activity, etc. The conversion of recommended servings to nutrients was compared with the results of the a ctual food basket of the Czech population and specific recommendations for amendments in proportions of individual food items in food groups and subgroups were given. On the basis of dietary guidelines, conclusions describing tasks for the beginning of the third millennium were made. Besides them the most important are: production of health information systems with special emphasis to food intake and nutritional status report, policies to increase the access to vegetables and fruit for vulnerable groups, legislation to curb advertising high-fat energy-dense foods to children, policy to strengthen the operational targets of Innocenti Declaration and to increase the number of Baby Friendly Hospitals, legislation regarding food control systems based on international standards, sustainable campaigns to promote safe healthy diet, policies to ensure sustainable food production.

        Key words: dietary guidelines, food supply, food pyramid, nutritional profiles