The importance and originality of Czech neuroontogenetical research as well as data of Czech developmental physiology from early fi fties, sixties (and later) for up today of so much pointed neurodevelopmental concept of several psychiatric disorders is shortly displayed. In experiments the physiological maturation was artifi cially retarded using a large variety of standard technics and methods (short lasting or repeated starvation, malnutrition, premature weaning, hypoxia, anoxia, ischemia, surgical intervention, development of individuals in large or small communities (with various level of nutrition and maternal care etc), the effect of rich or poor environmental fi eld etc). Every retardation of the maturation clearly affected not only different neurological parameters, but also brain complex functions (memory, learning, differentiation, exploratory activities) as well as maternal and other kinds of social behavior. For the fi rst time the „transfer“ of such worse properties from mothers to their descendants, the increased motor activity as a consequence of excitation-inhibition disbalance, the worse perception etc were described. The functional failures were systematically completed by morphological and biochemical studies (retarded migration, synaptogenesis, dendrifi cation, lower content of DNA, RNA, proteins, amino acids, phospholipids, lower enzymatic activities ect). Large number of studies dealt with the possible importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3) in the maturation process and with the plasticity of unmatured brain tissue.

        Key words: risk newborns, brain development, psychiatric disorders.