lntroduction: Endoscopic invasive procedures in 70lh and 80lh years leaded to decrease reoperations on biliáry tree. Iatrogenic injury of the biliáry tract háve increased in incidence in the first decade with the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Athough a number of factors háve been identified with a high risk of injury ( and number of technical steps háve been emphasized to avoid these injury, the incidence of the bile duet injury has reached at least double the rate observed with open cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy is most frequently performed abdominal operation and the most serious complication associated with this proceduře is accidental injury to the common bile duet (0,3-0,4 %). This preventable technical error has tradicionally been thought to oceur in one or more of three situations: 1. When the operátor attempts to clip or ligate a bleeding cystic artery and also elips the common hepatic duet (Fig. 3a). 2. When too much traction has been exerted on the gallbladder so that the common bile duet has tented up into an albow, which was either tied off with ligature or clipped (Fig. 3b). 3.When anatomie anomalies were not recognized and the wrong structure is divided, for example, when the cystic duet winds anterior to the common bile duet and enters on the left side, or when the cystic duet joins the right hepatic duet rather than the junction of the common hepatic and the common bile ducts (Fig. 1, 2, 3cd). In anatomical incertain cases is discussed about cholangiography and cholecystocholangiography during laparoscopy cholecystectomy. Most patients sustained a bile duet injury are recognized in the weeks folloving laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Careful preoperative preparation should include control of sepsis by draining any bile coUections or fistulas and komplete cholangiography. Long term results are best achieved in specialized hepatobiliary eentres performing biliáry reconstruction with a Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Success rates over 90% háve been reported from several eentres to dáte with intermediate follow-up. Papila injury inereased with introduction of a invasive endoscopy. Risk of deadly retroperitoneal inflamation is very high. Injury require samé surgery proceduře as duodenum injury. Own experiences: In an article a review of experiences of the Ist surgery department of General hospital in Prague since 1971 in 1 017 reoperations on biliáry tree was carried out. There was in 311 patients 164 hepato-hepatostomies and 147 hepaticojejunostomies ušed (Tab. 1). By laparoscopic injuries were high hilar injuries (Bismuth IV) in last decade and hepaticojejunostomy was doně in all cases. Died 6%, long term results are acceptable by injured patients with hepatico-hepaticostomies in 70%, by hepaticojejunostomies in 90%. Reoperated were 10 % patients (Tab. 1). Remnant patients were dilated endoscopicaly. Postoperatively morbidity was high, above 26%. In years 1995-2003 were 8 patients with papila injury and inflamation in retroperitoneum operated as a injured duodenum (Tab. 2). Conclusions: Better experiences with treatment of injured biliáry tree and papila are in eentres interested in hepatobilliary surgery which knowledge anatomy of hilus of liver and can make wide hepaticojejunostomy. Transfer of drained injured patient to centre is possible.

        Key words: laparoscopic cholecystectomy - iatrogenic lesions biliáry common duet - prevention of biliáry tree injury -bile duet injury - papila Vateri injury - bile duet stenosis