The aim of this study is, on the basis of socioeconomic causality of traffic accidents in children, to evaluate the role of education of the parents. In connection with our results, the risk of the traffic accidents in children increases with lower status of the education of both their parents. In preschool children, the traffic injuries which had been treated by a physician were found in this series even twice as frequent in comparison with school children. One of the high risks of transport injuries is the period just before school attendance. This period should be targeted in transport injury prevention as well as in interven-tion programme and behavioural education in children. More detailed information on socioeconomic, psychosocial and environmental determinants as well as the knowledge of their mutual interaction and their causes in transport accidents in children in the Czech Republic is needed.

        Key words: traffic accidents, preschool and school age, socioeconomic aspects