Endoscopy of lower gastrointestinal tract represents colonoscopy, enteroscopy and recently wireless capsule endoscopy. Although these frequently performed procedures are relatively safe, complications do occur. The most serious complications are perforation and bleeding. Other complications are premedication-related, infectious, cardiopulmonary and those related to bowel preparation. This review article discusses also some less frequent complications (postpolypectomy coagulation syndrome, splenic injury and others). Careful attention to the prevention of complications, coupled with prompt recognition and treatment of complications, will help provide optimal care of patients.

        Key words: colonoscopy, enteroscopy, wireless capsule endoscopy, complications, diagnostics, prevention, therapy