Actinomycosis is a relatively rare infectious disease affecting human population and cattle. The infection agent - gram-positive anaerobic bacteria (actinomycetes) are present in oral cavity in 27% of healthy human individuals. When the mucosa is damaged the actinomycetes enter deeper into the tissues and, under favorable conditions for the agent, a disease can develop. The classification according to localization differentiates cervicofacial, pulmonary and abdominal forms, respectively. Cervicofacial actinomycosis is characterized by the formation of granulomas, abscesses and fistulas with typical perimandibular localization. The diagnosis can be established especially on the basis of bacteriological or histological examination and a clinical picture. The therapy is long-termin nature, the relapse can usually be prevented by a combination of a surgical intervention and several-month antibiotic treatment. The latter is presently preferably using lincosamides.

        Key words: cervicofacial actinomycosis, endogenous infection, granulomatous inflammation, abscess, fistula, combined therapy.