Cognitive estimation as an executive
function. Development of two alternative forms of the Cognitive Estimation Test.
Preiss M., Říha M.1, Laing H.2, Rodriguez M.3, Klose J.4
Psychiatrické centrum, Praha 1FF UK, Praha 2St. Thomas’s Hospital, Londýn, Velká Británie 3Psychiatrické centrum, Praha 4Ústřední lékařsko-psychologické oddělení, ÚVN, Praha |
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Summary:
Cognitive Estimations Test (CET) is becoming a part of many examinations and research studies of
executive functions. It is a short, simple and user-friendly test. Authors present two alternative forms
of the CET as a supplement to the original Czech version of the test (TKO, Preiss and Laing, 2001). They
describe the CET as a suitable instrument for investigation of executive functions in brain lesions of
various etiology. Both clinically developed alternative forms have been studied in a sample of 48
subjects without any neurologic or psychiatric morbidity (23 males and 25 females), average age 26.4
years (range 19-55, SD = 8.1). In both tests, the extreme responses were excluded (in version 1, 4.3%, in
version 2, 2.8% responses). The authors found a comparability of the items in both forms with respect
to gender and a non-significant moderate dependence of the total performance in the test on age (-0.13
in version 1, -0.25 in version 2). For clinical and research evaluation, they converted test performance
to weighted scores according to standard deviation limits. As 0 points (performance without conspicuity),
they scored performances in the range of one standard deviation away from the mean, as 1 point
(moderately conspicous estimation), estimation between one and two standard deviations, and as 2
points (conspicous estimation), estimation beyond the limit of two standard deviations. The average
sum of standard scores in version 1 was 3 weighted points (SD = 1.8; variance 0 – 8 points), in version 2,
it was 3.5 weighted points (SD = 1.7; variance 0 – 8 points). Correlation of the sums of total scores of both
forms is not significant (r = 0.22), when including the extreme responses 0.33 (p = 0.021). Low correlation makes the parallelity of both forms problematic. The effect of education was statistically significant in
version 1 (two-sided t-test, p = 0.035), not significant in version 2 (two-sided t-test, p = 0.538). The authors
recommend the test for use in clinical practice and in research of executive functions. Further research
should aim at independence of the performance on educationand cultural and geographic environment,
though mainly at greater balance of both forms of the test. Test performance can also be influenced by
personality psychopathology.
Key words:
cognitive estimations test, CET, executive function.
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