On the basis of existing studies among the assumed preventable risk factors of ovarian cancer, one of the most common female cancers, ranks also exposure to talcum powder. Talcum powder is a part of some cosmetic products which are applied also to female genital area. Via hygienic products e.g. condom, contraceptive diaphragm, talcum powder can be introduced deeper into the productive system and cause a foreign body reaction in the ovaries. Due to traces of some minerals in talcum powder, it may cause damage to ovarian cells by local inflammation, oxidative stress, increased production of prostaglandin and cytokines, which may have a mutagenic effect. Early detection of ovarian cancer is rather problematic, resulting in a relatively low 5-year survival rate of affected women. Until the causal relation between talcum powder and ovarian cancer is confirmed or ruled out, reduction of exposure to suspected risk factors, including application of cosmetic products containing talcum powder to the female genital area, is recommended.More unequivocal identification of causal factors of ovarian cancer is expected from further studies in this field including participation of talcum powder in the pathogenesis of this female cancer with a high death rate.

        Key words: ovarian cancer - talcum powder - risk factor