Background. In recent years, the possibilities of use biochemical markers in diagnosing Alzheimers dementia (AD) have been the subject of numerous studies. In according to the completed studies, changes levels of tau protein and beta-amyloid represent suitable marker for early AD diagnosis.Goals. In pilot study examine tau protein and beta-amyloid levels of patient with dementia. Ascertain, if obtained biochemical findings correspond to diagnosis ofAD. Assumption.Changes levels of tau protein (inceasing) and beta-amyliod (decreasing) are suitable markers for early AD diagnosis. Methods. The levels of tau protein and beta-amyliod in liquor were examined in a group of 21 patients with multiple sclerosis. Additionally, in patients with dementia genotyping of apolipoprotein E was carried out and the biochemical and genetic results of the mearusements were compared with clinical findings.Results. Tau protein levels in liquor were increased in 67 % of patients with AD, in 7 % in patients with vascular dementia (VD) and 17 % in patients with mixed dementia (MD). Beta-amyloid levels were decreased in 67 % od AD, 33 % of VD and 33 % of MD. Contemporary tau protein increasing and beta-amyloid decreasing was find in 50 % of AD, 22 % of VD and 0 % od MD. In control set of patients with multiple sclerosis tau protein levels were increased in any case (in opposite level was decreased in 71 %); beta-amyloid decreasing was in 81 % cases. On base evaluating of tau protein and beta-amyloid proportions was possible confirm clinical diagnosis of AD surely in 50 % cases, bordeline in 33 % cases. Conclusion. Examinations of tau protein and beta-amyloid levels may be suitable for diagnostic AD and eliminating VD, but next examinations are necerssary.

        Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, beta-amyloid(1–42), tau protein, apolipoprotein Apo E, diagnostics