Two screening programmes in neonates are underway at present in the Czech Republic: screening for phenylketonuria and for hypothyroidism. Questions about perspectives, methods of universal screening and survey methods are discussed. 2918 TEOAE examinations were made in 1459 neonates during the period from 26. 2. 1997 till 26. 2. 1998. The incidence was identical in males and females. TEOAE were absent in 206 (14 %) children during the first examination measurement. The 1st subsequent TEOAE measurement was made in 124 (8.5%) neonates. ENT, tympanometric examination, repeteated TEOAE examination and BERA (according to the results) was indicated in 6 (0.41%) neonates. Hearing loss of 35 and 55 dB respectively was found in two (0.13%) of 1459 neonates.

        Key words: impaired hearing in neonates, otoacoustic emissions, TEOAE, OAE.