Patients with febrile neutropenie and depressed function of immune system represent a special group. As an etiological agent may play a role the bacteria which cause infection in the subjects with normal immune functions less frequently. The adequate antimicrobial treatment has significantly contributed to the improved prognosis of these patients during the lest 20 years. Aminopenicillins with inhibitors of bacterial beta-lactamase in combination with aminoglycosides or piperacillin/tazobactam may be recommended as a front-line treatment in patients with febrile neutropenie. However, the essential prerequisite is the preserved sensitivity of the most importem gram-negative bacterial pathogens to these antimicrobial preparations. The above-mentioned regimens may have a positive impact on the prevention of occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci that represent a serious threat for haemato-oncological patients.

        Key words: febrile neutropenie, antibiotic treatment, vancomycin-resistant enterococci