Development and existence of specific activities of nerve cells are indispensable from the adequate structure of the supporting membrane. Integration of functional protein components determines the structure of lipid bilayer. It brings not only a certain special stability (fixation) but also a specific relationship, cooperation and variability among the components of the membrane. Movements of protein molecules within the fluid mosaic of the membrane are limited by their anchoring to the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton has mechanically supporting function and it plays an important role in the transmission of signals into the cell. In nerve cells interaction of cytoskeleton and membrane controls the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic terminals and recycling of synaptic vesicles. In relation to the quest for markers of psychic impairments, erythrocytal membrane became intensively studied. In its complex structure, comparable to the membrane of most of eukaryotic cells, biochemical abnormalities related to various psychic disorders were described: Changes in the activity of some membrane-bound enzymes and receptors, in the composition of lipids, and in different levels of oxidative stress.

        Key words: lipid bilayer, cytoskeleton, synaptic vesicles, exocytose, erythrocytes, psychic disorders, Professor Jan Janský.