Within the framework of a prognostic study focused on the sound development of the young generation the authors submit a review of the Czech literature concerned with the effect of the environment and its noxious agents on child health and development. The authors follow up the developmental trends of the problem where there is a shift of interest in the solution not only of problems of contamination of the environment but also in investigation of the indoor environment, in particular the influence of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Attention is paid to the quality of drinking and utility water, physical and chemical contamination of indoor environment etc. The impact on the health status of children is followed up with emphasis on the increased prevalence of allergic diseases.

        Key words: environment - effect of environment on child population - sanitary research