The article describes a case of intoxication in a 53 year man who had been repeatedly consuming „turban fungus“ (Gyromitra esculenta) for many years. However, it was discovered that the patient had been consuming only „brownroll rim“ (Paxillus involutus).The term„turban fungus“ was a regionally used name. The intoxication presented itself as a massive intravasal hemolysis with a developed severe renal failure which the patient survived only thanks to repeatedly applied dialyses and hemoperfusions. In the discussion the authors analyse intoxication caused by both fungal species and clarify the mechanism of intoxication with turban fungus.

        Key words: brown roll-rim - intravasal immune hemolysis.