In collaboration with the Pathological Institute of the Faculty Hospital Brno the authorssamples and evaluated 50 samples of middle-ear mucosa from such cadaverous bones,where the documentation had not indicated previous middle-ear pathology and no signs of previous operation in the area of temporal bone or other apparent signs of ear pathology were evident. The Eustachian tube and the anterior part of middle-ear cavity is lined with cylindrical epithelium with cilia, which continues from the ciliary epithelium of nasal cavity and nasopharynx. In direction to processus mastoideus there was an apparent lowering and flattening of epithelium and the cilia decreased in number, so that the posterior part of themiddle-ear cavity was linedwith a unilamelar cube epithelium and the pneumatized mastoideal processus contained a flat epithelium without cilia.The inner layer of the eardrum(stratummucosum)is formedby the cube epithelium.Glandular formations originate as a consequence of inflammatory processes affecting Eustachian tube and middle-ear mucosa. Basal cells lay upon the basal membrane, the intermediary cells forming a layer above them. The superficial later ofmucosa if either formed by cells with cilia which do not contain secretion granules in their cytoplasm and therefore lack secretion activity, or by cells without cilia without secretion activity and cells with secretion activity.

        Key words: middle-ear mucosa, structure, cellular types, distribution.