The case of a 56 year-old man with recently diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia is described. The ATRA-syndrome developed during the induction therapy. It was associated with acute renal failure treated by dexamethasone and temporary hemodialysis. In špite of continuous antibiotic and antimycotic prophylaxis, leukemia remission was complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis. The clinical condition of the patient improved after intensive voriconazole therapy. However, despite aspergillosis regression, the patient unexpectedly died of fatal hemoptysis caused by bleeding from a vessel eroded by aspergillus.

        Key words: Acute promyelocytic leukemia, ATRA syndrome, pulmonary aspergillosis, hemoptysis