The results of a cross–sectional questionnaire study on smoking in 1,571 pupils of secondary schools in Martin, Slovakia (average age 15.7 y. ± 1.0) are presented. Prevalence of regular smoking (min. 1 cigarette/day) was in 24.8 % of boys and in 14.3 % of girls. Higher prevalence was in pupils of apprentice schools. Association between smoking of respondents and their parents were stronger in case of mothers and their children, namely girls. Higher educational level of parents was followed by a decrease of smoking in girls. Girls appear to be more influenced by family background than boys. The authors emphasise the importance of primary prevention of smoking in pupils, namely within the school-based programmes, since smoking habit in these age groups is still developing. The study design can be used as a model for further studies of that kind.

        Key words: questionnaire, smoking, pupils, secondary schools, adolescents, smoking of parents, family background