This review summarizes important experimental and clinical studies published in the field of neuromuscular abnormalities of the critically ill during the last two years. Experimental work is focused mostly on the loss of membrane excitability using different animal models. Clinical studies emphasize that neuromuscular abnormalities occur early in the course of critical illness representing probably a part of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The possible role of intensive insulin therapy in the pathogenesis of critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy is discussed. Tight glycaemic control seems to be the only preventive measure which could lower the incidence of these complications.

        Key words: critical illness weakness – critical illness myopathy – critical illness polyneuropathy – tight glycaemic control